Soft power Studies

Iran's position in the Belt and Road Initiative as China's soft power policy

Ali Adami; ramin bakhshi

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 209-230

Abstract

  It seems that the most important element of China's soft power policy is the Belt and Road Initiative, and China is seeking to invest its surplus capital in the revival of the ancient ...  Read More It seems that the most important element of China's soft power policy is the Belt and Road Initiative, and China is seeking to invest its surplus capital in the revival of the ancient Silk Road. This article shows that the Chinese government actively pursues economic diplomacy based on soft power. It follows the Belt and Road Initiative and relies on hard power sources for its effectiveness. With the intensification of five Belt and Road Initiative cooperation in Iran, it can be said that China's soft power is also on the move, which may significantly change the prevailing mentality in Iran regarding the quality of Chinese-made goods, services and infrastructure. Remarkable progress. The Belt and Road Initiative's five dimensions of cooperation (i.e. policy coordination, infrastructure development, trade and investment, financial integration, and people-to-people communication) in Iran emphasize the increasing risks and deepening of complex interdependence in China-Iran relations. This article examines Iran's position in China's Belt and Road Initiative in the context of complex interdependence. The hypothesis of the research is that due to Iran's location in the third layer of China's neighbor in two economic-commercial areas and the security of transportation and transit routes, it has a special geopolitical, geoeconomic and geostrategic position for the Belt and Road Initiative. This article seeks to investigate Iran's position in China's Belt and Road Initiative using an explanatory method.

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Explain the dimensions and components of promoting public welfare with a soft power approach

AHMAD YAVARIAN; sedighe Tootian Esfahani

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 247-271

Abstract

  In any society, the attention of government officials and policymakers to welfare is considered important and necessary; Because welfare is one of the main indicators of development ...  Read More In any society, the attention of government officials and policymakers to welfare is considered important and necessary; Because welfare is one of the main indicators of development and is one of the key elements in the growth and development of society. The Islamic Republic of Iran was formed on the basis of the teachings of the religion of Islam and with emphasis on religious components and religious values. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the dimensions of the components of public welfare promotion with a soft power approach. The present study is development-applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative stage, in order to design a research model, 20 purposefully selected academic and executive experts were interviewed, and the interview process continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In a small step to validate the research model, managers and government experts in the field of public welfare were asked for a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and smart PLS software. The sample size of 216 people was calculated by Cochran's formula and the sample members were selected by simple random sampling. Based on the findings, three variables of drivers, strategies and consequences for promoting public welfare and soft power performance were identified. The results showed that the use of soft power principles in promoting public welfare can play a significant role. Also, government strategies play an important moderating role in improving the public welfare situation in society.

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Strategic missions of students as soft power in Jihad explanation by using Imam Khamenei's menus

Hadi i Murad Piri,; neda Kavand

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 7-27

Abstract

  Explanation Jihad is a term that Imam Khamenei(Madazaleh Al-Ali) put forward to deal with the soft war against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The jihad of explanation means the correct ...  Read More Explanation Jihad is a term that Imam Khamenei(Madazaleh Al-Ali) put forward to deal with the soft war against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The jihad of explanation means the correct expression of facts, guiding minds, answering questions and ambiguities, which have been injected into the Islamic society by the enemy and created a dusty atmosphere on the ruling society. In the meantime, what is emphasized is the role of elites, especially students, in this field of struggle. In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategic mission of students in the Jihad of explanation. The current research is among the combined researches. The statistical population of this research is the collection of Imam Khamenei's statements from the beginning of his leadership period from 1368 to 1401, which were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The reliability of the data was checked and confirmed using the Holsti method and the validity of the data using(CVI) and(CVR). The findings of the research showed that in order to achieve success in Jihad, it is necessary to explain the prerequisites and requirements. which were counted and identified in 4 categories of Jihadi management and work, ethical conduct, stewardship and cultivation and self-improvement. Also, based on the findings of the research, the mission of the students was identified and categorized in 5 categories of insight, transformation, hope creation, transformation and awareness.

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Protective strategies to deal with soft threats against national security in the religious community

salman shayanfar; abbas samavati; zohre nikfarjam

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 75-93

Abstract

  The emergence of new types of threats against national security with technological approaches has changed the strategies to deal with them in all dimensions. The aim of this research ...  Read More The emergence of new types of threats against national security with technological approaches has changed the strategies to deal with them in all dimensions. The aim of this research is to evaluate the strategies of protecting the religious community against the diverse and wide spectrum of threats against national security, focusing on religious indicators and components that distinguish it from other materialistic and atheistic schools. After describing the variables and stating the relationship between threats and security, he urged the researchers to list the most important challenges ahead, and present the principles and foundations derived from religious texts according to the types of threats. The findings of the research showed that according to the structure and nature of religious sovereignty, "ideological, cultural and combined technology-based" threats against national security are the most important aspects of threats that require quantitative and qualitative changes in protection structures in order to protect sovereignty and its values. , the new forms and tools of threats are in accordance with Sharia law, which with "spontaneous action of citizens", "strengthening beliefs and enhancing the sense of religious and national commitment" and "implementing religious teachings regarding modern collective responsibility" as a positive strategy to preserve society. are considered

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Soft power and business model of technology-oriented organizations active in the field of renewable energy

shahrzad houshmandynia; afsaneh zamanimoghadam; karim hamdi; serajeddin mohebbi

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 117-140

Abstract

  The purpose of this study was to Soft power and business model of technology-oriented organizations active in the field of renewable energy. The purpose of this study was to Soft power ...  Read More The purpose of this study was to Soft power and business model of technology-oriented organizations active in the field of renewable energy. The purpose of this study was to Soft power and business model of technology-oriented organizations active in the field of renewable energy. Quantitative research method and number of samples were selected using Cochran's formula 337 people. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. The results showed that fourteen components are involved in explaining the model of presenting the model of educational strategies affecting the renewable energy business model, which are: key partners, key activities, revenue stream, key-physical resources, key-intellectual resources, key resources - Human resources, value-brand, value-moving at the edge of science and technology, value-price, value-on-time delivery and easy access, customer relations, customer sector, distribution channels, and finally costs and structure .

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The objectives of the legislation of "Talif Qulub" as the soft power of the Islamic government

Ehsan Nazari; Javad Irvani

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 161-182

Abstract

  "The contribution of the hearts" which is specified in verse 60 of Surah Towba, like other divine commands, has goals and wisdom, the investigation of which is the solution to many ...  Read More "The contribution of the hearts" which is specified in verse 60 of Surah Towba, like other divine commands, has goals and wisdom, the investigation of which is the solution to many religious, economic, social and political issues of the Islamic system and society, and a soft power for Advancing its goals is considered. In this article, the wisdom and goals of this ruling have been investigated using the descriptive analytical method and citing the library sources, using the traditions and opinions of commentators and jurists of the Islamic world.From their point of view, the goals and wisdom of the legislation of Sahem Taalif Qulub are: to incline the hearts to Islam, to stabilize weak-minded Muslims, to incline the border dwellers to repel enemies and to attract the support of various individuals and groups in line with religious and national interests. On the other hand, there is no doubt that financial bribery to make people religious cannot be approved by Islam. Therefore, the aforementioned goals must be returned to two cases so that the suspicion of paying money for the purpose of greed is not raised; First, attracting love for the benefit of Islam and Muslims, and second: "creating a spiritual foundation" for leaning towards Islam.

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The role of virtual space in increasing soft power (case study: Islamic Republic of Iran)

mehdi zakavi; usef torfi saeidavi

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 207-226

Abstract

  In the new era, virtual media are becoming big empires and virtual space is the space of great powers. The logic and environment of war, traditionally based on the logic and environment ...  Read More In the new era, virtual media are becoming big empires and virtual space is the space of great powers. The logic and environment of war, traditionally based on the logic and environment of war, has been transformed in the virtual space. If before, the logic of winning the war was traditional, having more physical forces and physical tools. (Although this logic is still strong and weak), but without a doubt, the emergence of the virtual environment has caused a fundamental change and formation in this logic. This space has created power as soft power and this technology has made many fields of confrontation different from the past. in such a way that every soft action is supported by soft power; In such a way that soft power is necessary and necessary for each other. The Islamic Republic of Iran has a soft power base whose foundations are formed by its leadership, Iranian and Islamic culture and identity, connected and organized masses that have a high ability to integrate and mobilize, virtual space has served the opposition front of the Islamic Revolution. The present article was carried out with the aim of the role of virtual space in increasing soft power (case study: Islamic Republic of Iran) with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

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the Impact of US Coercive Diplomacy on the Smart Power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East (2020-2001)

mehdi abbaszadeh; mohammad hesam Gavari

Volume 12, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 249-270

Abstract

  America's strategy against Iran has been based on changing the political system since the beginning of the victory of the Iranian Islamic Revolution. America's interventionist approach ...  Read More America's strategy against Iran has been based on changing the political system since the beginning of the victory of the Iranian Islamic Revolution. America's interventionist approach intensified in the Middle East after September 11, 2001 and caused the security of the region of countries such as Iran. Islamic Republic of Iran seeks to maximize its smart power in the Middle East in order to neutralize it. The main goal of this article is to find the examine the impact of the coercive diplomacy of the United States of America on the formation of the smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East. It is from September 11.The main question of this article is what effect has the coercive diplomacy of the United States of America had on the smart power of Iran? The research method is descriptive and analytical. The findings of the article show that coercive diplomacy of the United States of America has caused; Activate the power capacities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of smart power to and threats and turn this into a regional power far from isolation in the Middle East. Among these capacities, in the field of smart power, it can be mentioned to inspire the Islamic awakening movements in the region, the axis of resistance as an anti-containment strategy, the role and effectiveness of GeneralSoleimani.

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The Islamic Revolution of Iran and the presentation of a conceptual model of Islamic-Iranian soft power

Majid abbasi

Volume 12, Issue 3 , December 2022

Abstract

  انقلاب اسلامی ایران دگرگونی عظیمی در زمینه های سیاسی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی ایران و تأثیرات شگرفی ...  Read More انقلاب اسلامی ایران دگرگونی عظیمی در زمینه های سیاسی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی ایران و تأثیرات شگرفی در سطح بین المللی و بویژه جهان اسلام داشته و باعث تجدید حیات اسلام یا به عبارت بهتر احیای فرهنگ و تمدن اصیل اسلامی شده است. انقلاب اسلامی انقلابی ارزشی با هدف بازگشت، احیا و بازسازی سنت‌های بنیادی دین اسلام می باشد. این انقلاب در عین داشتن اهداف سیاسی و اجتماعی، نگاه خاصی به تمدن و جهان بینی اسلامی دارد. بیداری اسلامی زنده شدن دوباره در پرتو اسلام اصیل و تجدید حیات اسلام است که در پناه آن استقلال، عدالت و آموزه ها و ارزش های متعالی الهی، بار دیگر زنده می شوند و یا حیات می یابند. احیای هویت دینی و طرح اندیشه حکومت اسلامی، حمایت از محرومان جامعه، ظلم ستیزی و مقابله با مستکبرین، استقلال خواهی،ترویج فرهنگ مردم سالاری دینی، ورود از حوزه های نظری به حیطه های سیاسی و حکومتی، بیداری اسلامی در عرصه های حیات اجتماعی و سیاسی، گفتمان سازی سیاسی و فرهنگی و طرح این ایده که اسلام تنها راه حل است و مطالعه تحولات سالهای 2011-2012 در کشورهایی مانند تونس، مصر، لیبی، یمن و بحرین و تطبیق خواسته های مردمی آنها با آموزه های انقلاب اسلامی حاکی از احیای مجدد هویت اسلامی در جهان اسلام متأثر از قدرت نرم انقلاب اسلامی ایران است. وقوع این تحولات و نفوذ اندیشه های انقلاب اسلامی در ملل مسلمان نه از طریق قدرت سخت افزاری بلکه از طریق قدرت نرم انقلاب اسلامی در الگو شدن برای کشورهای اسلامی امکانپذیر شده است.

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The influence of the idea of Mahdism as a component of soft power in the unity of the Islamic world

mahdi mohamadzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 3 , December 2022

Abstract

  Islamic unity of its desirable and fruitful type, that is, efforts to achieve a kind of unity in interests and goals and convergence in religious beliefs, by those who have many commonalities ...  Read More Islamic unity of its desirable and fruitful type, that is, efforts to achieve a kind of unity in interests and goals and convergence in religious beliefs, by those who have many commonalities in Islamic beliefs, one of the most important of which is the thought of Mahdism; In fact, Mahdavi's thought as a soft power establishes a process in which humanity influences people's thoughts (elite and common people) through behavior in accordance with the tendency of each Islamic sect and in the form of a non-violent tool and causes works, movements and behavior. The common one, which is the unity of the Islamic world, takes a step towards changing the mentality and behavior of the target society. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collection is through the study of library documents and documents, which examines the basics of recognizing and strengthening the unifying components of Islamic religions in the light of Mahdavitism, in precious religious texts. The findings indicate that this thought is a kind of future-oriented thoughts and attitudes, and in fact, a futuristic approach. The unifying pillars of Mahdavi thought include imamate and guardianship, and universality, justice, security, and growth and development are the characteristics of Mahdavi society, which works in the realization of the unity of the Islamic world as a soft power.

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Identifying media threats of satellite televisions and corresponding countermeasures

Maryam Vatankhah; Seyed Reza Naghibulsadat

Volume 12, Issue 3 , December 2022

Abstract

  Satellite networks are a sources of soft power and an important infrastructure for global communication. The expansion of communication and exchange of culture through satellite TVs ...  Read More Satellite networks are a sources of soft power and an important infrastructure for global communication. The expansion of communication and exchange of culture through satellite TVs imposed new values and, consequently, new behaviors; which could be a soft threat as it could gradually change the culture and identity of a nation. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the effects of Sat. TVs on both individual and social aspects. The main question is: “what are the media threats of satellites TVs and how to countermeasure them accordingly?” To answer this question, two "surveys" with questionnaire technique and also "in-depth interview” method using “closed or guided interview" technique had been used. The statistical population in the survey was "all people over 18 years in Tehran who watch the satellite networks" and in the in-depth interview it was "specialists in communication and political sciences". It was found that out of a total 450 respondents, the most of the respondents believed in different threats of satellite TV, including "psychological, political, cultural, economic and military-security threats" and 33.3% evaluated the level of "satellite threat" as "moderate". Additionally, the most of them (43.1%) considered "improving media literacy" as the best countermeasure to satellite threats. The findings of the interview also confirmed that it is more appropriate to adopt diversity (ultra-active) and aggressive (active) strategies rather than passive strategies and maintaining the status quo strategies to deal with satellites.

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Iran's soft power and foreign policy regarding the developments in Syria from 2011 to 2022

ali jadidi; mohammadreza mousavi; vahid salehi

Volume 12, Issue 3 , December 2022

Abstract

  In the new arena of international politics, one of the tools that political units use to achieve their national and strategic goals and interests is soft power. In recent years, due ...  Read More In the new arena of international politics, one of the tools that political units use to achieve their national and strategic goals and interests is soft power. In recent years, due to the importance of soft power in achieving the national goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it has tried to increase and increase the efficiency of its soft power capacities in line with its strategic goals in the developments of Syria. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the actors in the region that could not remain indifferent to the developments in Syria, has used a special soft strategy to influence these developments. By raising the question of what position soft power has had in Iran's foreign policy in relation to the developments in Syria, the upcoming research has proposed the hypothesis that the foreign policy component in the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on central security and the role of the people in determining sovereignty It has had a greater impact on the developments in Syria. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution in Iran and the formation of the Islamic Republic, relations between Iran and Syria have entered a new phase. The method used in this research is analytical and descriptive.

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Exercising soft power against the sovereignty of states through the free flow of information

Masuod Mazaheri; sohrab salahi; maryam moradi

Volume 12, Issue 3 , December 2022

Abstract

  This article examines the use of soft power and its tools, such as the media, through freedom of information against state sovereignty. In this process, we see the use of new media ...  Read More This article examines the use of soft power and its tools, such as the media, through freedom of information against state sovereignty. In this process, we see the use of new media tools and the creation of soft wars by some powerful countries against the sovereignty of other governments. In the present age, when technology and information technology have a special status and power, international communities are not expected to be safe from information entering their country from outside geographical borders. In this regard, countries with the power of media and up-to-date technologies in the field of information technology in order to achieve their goals have planned a soft war within the target communities. Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical study, with the aim of explaining the different dimensions of soft power and media tools, the application of soft war against the sovereignty of states has been investigated by "library" and "documentary" methods. The results show that the cultural, ideological and moral borders of a country are respected as much as their geographical borders and territorial integrity, and obtaining the consent of countries to enter their non-geographical borders is irreplaceable and The transfer of information into a country without the permission and consent of that country is described as a violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity.

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The Soft Power and Human Development Index in IR.Iran and Qatar(2020)

reza shirzadi; Mohammad Pourghorban

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  The Soft Power is one of the Power shapes in international relations.The Soft Power strategies generally are based on peaceful solutions and instruments for the management of controversies ...  Read More The Soft Power is one of the Power shapes in international relations.The Soft Power strategies generally are based on peaceful solutions and instruments for the management of controversies and economic cooperations. In contrast, Hard Power strategies are based on military intervention, violent diplomacy, and economic sanctions. The Soft Power components and areas includes Economics. Next to this theme, Human Development is one of the most new and famous theories of development that accepted by international institutions and centers. In this theory, human is crucial, and final goal for development and state have a active role in improvement development approach. To day, one of the indicators for determine level of the counties development in national and international reports, is human development index. In this treatise, compare Iran and Qatar Human Development level, and study cause of differents in this framework. This research try to explain process of change in two countries.

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Sources of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Iraq with a look at the Shie Kurds

Ali Reza Zargar; Ali Molaee

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  The purpose of this study is to identify the sources of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Iraq based on the Shiite (Fili) Kurds. Soft power can be defined as the management ...  Read More The purpose of this study is to identify the sources of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Iraq based on the Shiite (Fili) Kurds. Soft power can be defined as the management of public opinion. The ability to satisfy the audience by appealing to culture and values ​​and even foreign policy by persuasion is the same as soft power. What is important is how to use the tools and methods of using soft power, which is important for Islamic Iran; it needs to know and use its software resources in countries according to the cultural, socio-political context of each target community. That is, the policy-making apparatus, executors and administrators must find the solutions of the same soft power in the target country and invest in it in order to ensure national interests. The research method is historical-qualitative (thematic analysis) and its statistical population includes first-hand documents and historical sources, as well as interviews with knowledgeable people or information gatekeepers.among the Shiites (Fili) Kurds rely on commonalities such as; Numerous historical, racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious commonalities The existence of independence and land in some provinces such as ilam, many years of life in Iran at the time of exile, and their interaction and cooperation with the revolutionary forces in the imposed war against the Iraq in the form of Iraq And the camp of Ramadan and ... this people has a high potential to ensure national interests and increase the soft power of Iran.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting and the Use of Soft Power in the Convergence of Iranian Ethnic Groups; A Case Study of TV channel

mohammad kavyani; ali amiri; masoud motalebi; Hojat Mahkouii

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  In today's world, media, institutions and media networks have an effective effect on changing human behavior and attitudes through the use of soft power and can be an effective tool ...  Read More In today's world, media, institutions and media networks have an effective effect on changing human behavior and attitudes through the use of soft power and can be an effective tool for creating new culture or shaping ethnic identities and convergence of ethnicities. Therefore, with the current situation of media globalization and the invasion of the virtual world and Internet-satellite communications, many identity components are injected into society, especially ethnicities, if the country's media management takes into account ethnic sensitivities in the program. Pay attention to the management of these components in order to solve challenges and reduce ethnic crises, ethnic convergence will be formed optimally. In this regard, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical article is to study the role and function of the Broadcasting Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the focus on "TV channel" in the use of soft power in the convergence of Iranian ethnic groups. The results and findings of the research indicate that "TV channel" by using the components of soft power and highlighting the correct customs and traditions of local and indigenous culture, introducing national and religious personalities and celebrities, presenting a pristine image of the beauties of domestic subcultures and Introducing the history, culture and tourist and natural attractions of each province, introducing and playing ethnic music play an effective role in "socialization", "strengthening Islamic values", "strengthening national values" and "strengthening national solidarity and preventing ethnic divergence" In Iranian society.

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Investigating the infrastructure of exercising soft power in religious government

Hossein Rahmanitirkalaie

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  AbstractAfter the Islamic Revolution, the jihadist movements and scientific fields in various fields were hard and soft, which optimized the revolution theoretically and practically, ...  Read More AbstractAfter the Islamic Revolution, the jihadist movements and scientific fields in various fields were hard and soft, which optimized the revolution theoretically and practically, and increased the wave of supporters of the resistance and the Islamic Revolution day by day. In the meantime, the intimidation of the cultural stratum and the properties of the society against the project of the soft power of the West are among the dangers that will cause the destruction of many of the beliefs of the society. In the face of the West's constant attacks on cultural aggression, internal movements will be passive until the religious government moves towards becoming a regional and global soft power. Based on this necessity, in this work, the author has studied the infrastructures of exercising soft power in religious government in a descriptive-analytical manner and has finally come to the conclusion that becoming a soft power, from recognizing and believing in internal capacities. It arises, and if the authorities in the religious government are plagued by Westernization, they will not be able to have a grand plan for the soft future of society. This design should be aggressive and based on internal ideals and methods, and its designers should not look inward and pay attention to global arenas.

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Soft power in good governance based on Imam Khomeini's thought with emphasis on transparency

saeed zakariapoor soorkuhi; Morteza Alavian; رحمت عباس تبار

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  Transparency as an important component of good governance, in short, is any action taken by the government to inform the people of their decisions and to provide the necessary information ...  Read More Transparency as an important component of good governance, in short, is any action taken by the government to inform the people of their decisions and to provide the necessary information for their lives. This concept has been considered by various scholars, some of whom try to confirm and expand this concept in the thought of Islam and Islamic thinkers. This article seeks to answer the question of what place transparency has in soft power in proper governance in Imam Khomeini's thought.For this research, the content network method, one of the content analysis methods, has been used as one of the most widely used data analysis methods. In this method, the basic themes related to transparency in the research source are collected and the related basic themes are categorized under the organizing themes and the related organizing themes are integrated under the comprehensive themes.After studying, transparency in Imam Khomeini's thought was divided into two comprehensive themes: "The content of transparency in Imam Khomeini's thought" and "Transparency requirements in Imam Khomeini's thought" and the results were obtained. Research shows that in Imam Khomeini's thought, in accordance with Alawite thought, transparency in the sense has been associated with his rule and accepted and emphasized by him, although the name of "transparency" in the system of literature and His words do not exist.

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The soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic movements of the Islamic world; A case study of Hezbollah in Lebanon

karim abbasi; samad ghampanah; hasan shamsini ghiasvand; seyed asadollah athari

Volume 12, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  Power in the 21st century is defined by indicators such as the media, the production of science, social and political values and norms, and lifestyle. . In fact, the domestic, regional ...  Read More Power in the 21st century is defined by indicators such as the media, the production of science, social and political values and norms, and lifestyle. . In fact, the domestic, regional and global power of governments is formulated according to these indicators. The Islamic Republic of Iran has also had special capacities in the region due to some sources of its soft and intelligent power such as historical culture, religious, revolutionary and political values. The purpose and central question of this study is what are the most important components of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Islamic movements, especially Hezbollah in Lebanon? In analyzing this issue, components such as ethics, martyrdom, spiritualism, scientism, Velayat-e-Faqih, etc. were emphasized. The sources of Islamic soft power on Islamic movements such as martyrdom, provincialism and independence have had the greatest impact on Islamic movements, including Hezbollah in Lebanon. In fact, Lebanese Hezbollah, by being influenced by Iran and combining its hard and soft power or smart power, while increasing its power at the domestic and regional level, has reproduced and increased Iran's regional power and security.

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Sources of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Iraq (2020-2010)

ali jadidi; sonaz nasiri; seyed saheb barzin

Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2022, , Pages 29-54

Abstract

  One of the developments of the world system has been to change the nature and forms of power and to promote the influence of soft power on hard power. Countries that have skillfully ...  Read More One of the developments of the world system has been to change the nature and forms of power and to promote the influence of soft power on hard power. Countries that have skillfully used the tools of their culture, civilization, history, and geography to impress others have found far more lasting and effective authority in national and global politics. Iran, from thousands of years ago until now, both as a country and a very complex and wonderful civilization at the crossroads of great human civilizations; And in the present age as a country with a wealth of history, culture and civilization in the heart of regional crises, and on the other hand the position of Iran as the largest Shiite country and the heir of the first religious revolution in the new world; It has been considered as a center of soft power production. Accordingly, the main question raised in this study is what are the cultural resources of Iran''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s soft power in Iraq? The hypothesis raised for the main question of this research indicates that the Islamic Republic of Iran includes various cultural sources of soft power in the period 2010 to 2020; The high position of authority in the two countries, the Iranian roots of Iraq, the spread of Persian language and literature, rituals and customs, the culture of peaceful coexistence, the advancement of knowledge in Iran, the presence of a significant percentage of Shiites in Iran and Iraq,

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Investigating the basics of love between hearts in cyberspace and its role in deepening the soft power of Islamic rule

mohammad rasool ahangaran; moha dd; m a

Volume 12, Issue 1 , February 2022

Abstract

  Power as a guarantor of national sovereignty is divided into two types, soft and hard. Soft power has always been the focus of religious rule because of its vast merits. In Islam, there ...  Read More Power as a guarantor of national sovereignty is divided into two types, soft and hard. Soft power has always been the focus of religious rule because of its vast merits. In Islam, there are tools for soft power and one of the most important of them is "Love between hearts". The most important purpose of love between hearts is to strengthen the security and spread of Islam. Studies show that the principle of love between hearts after the Prophet (PBUH) is believed The jurists are not only not abrogated but also have a higher priority, and the realm of the authors is both Muslim and non-Muslim. Circuits are a safe contract and a practical and verbal effort to deal well. Cyberspace with an interactive approach is one of the most important tools of soft power today. Writing hearts in cyberspace due to the wide range of examples and tools and its complexity requires a coherent organization to love. This article uses a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the basics of love between hearts in cyberspace and its place in the soft power of Islamic rule.نماد «مورد تأیید انجمن»نماد «مورد تأیید انجمن»

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Manifestation of the elements of Islamic civilization in the Arbaeen walk, the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran

saeid Hamidi

Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2022, , Pages 55-83

Abstract

  The main issue of this study is to identify the elements of Islamic civilization in the Arbaeen walk as the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran.The results of this descriptive-analytical ...  Read More The main issue of this study is to identify the elements of Islamic civilization in the Arbaeen walk as the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran.The results of this descriptive-analytical research based on library documents and sources show that the unique capacity of the Arbaeen March is not separate from the birth path of Islamic civilization. In parallel with the movement of these rituals, the factors that created Islamic civilization had the opportunity to emerge and by providing regional and supra-regional goals, they became the generators of soft power.If the manifestation of unity in the pilgrims on foot, while regulating and social order, invalidated the biased instincts of the enemies based on the internal differences of the Muslims and caused the dignity of the Islamic societies. At the same time, the transnational community of this phenomenon brought to the fore the reflection of the Arbaeen ummah as a new media, beyond the borders of human societies. . In addition, it can put an end to hegemony in the wake of the Islamic Awakening and, as the greatest demonstration of peace, lead from a collective slogan to global reform.Meanwhile, the Islamic Republic of Iran, relying on these civilizing efficiencies that stem from the historical extension of the Ashura uprising, has protected the national and regional achievements of the Arbaeen March and made them a soft power as a priority in strategies.

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The Impact of the Economic Components of the Soft Power of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the Development of Trade Relations with China

Fereshteh Alayipoor; AbdolMohammad Kashian

Volume 12, Issue 1 , February 2022

Abstract

  One of the factors influencing the desire of countries to develop their trade relations is the level of soft power of the target country and the extent of its influence on international ...  Read More One of the factors influencing the desire of countries to develop their trade relations is the level of soft power of the target country and the extent of its influence on international equations. The present article answers the question that among the economic components of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which of them has been effective in the development of trade relations between Iran and China? The method used in this research is the autoregressive model with distributed interrupts (ARDL) and the data analyzed in this paper are related to the period 1988 to 2019. The results obtained from data analysis indicate that the economic components of Iran's soft power play a very important role on China's desire to develop trade relations with Iran.Increasing Iran's economic power in terms of GDP, improving social capital and increasing foreign investment has played a very important role in developing Iran-China trade relations. International and development of trade relations with other countries requires increasing the country's soft power, especially in components such as domestic production, social capital and foreign investment, and increasing Iran-China trade relations can be justified in the context of increasing the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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The Challenges of US-North Korea Negotiations and the Requirements for Its Continuity in the Light of Exercising Soft Power

Raouf Rahimi; mahdyeh heydari

Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2022, , Pages 85-102

Abstract

  From the perspective of soft power, this article seeks to answer the key question of why negotiation and diplomacy as key elements of soft power in resolving the North Korean nuclear ...  Read More From the perspective of soft power, this article seeks to answer the key question of why negotiation and diplomacy as key elements of soft power in resolving the North Korean nuclear issue with the United States have failed. And what are the requirements for continuing to use these soft power levers in the North Korean nuclear issue? The provisional hypothesis of the article is that the pursuit of conflicting goals by the United States and North Korea, such as nuclear deterrence and economic recovery by North Korea and complete nuclear disarmament by the United States, is the most important reason for the failure of negotiations and diplomacy. But the main requirement for the continuation of the negotiation process as the main tool of soft power is the non-use of hard power (sanctions and military tools) by the United States and the establishment of a culture of dialogue in international relations. The findings show that any progress in reducing North Korea's nuclear warheads or nuclear disarmament will be achieved solely through continued negotiation. Therefore, the rapprochement of the two countries' positions, mediated by actors such as South Korea, China and Russia, reducing the emphasis on hard power pyramids against North Korea and increasing international cooperation, especially among the permanent members of the Security Council on the one hand is necessary and Indicates the need to continue to use soft power. The data collection method is based on the library method and the research method is based on the descriptive-analytical method.

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Fundamentals of education of the Islamic Revolution in the field of reproduction of soft power with emphasis on the statement of the second step

yaghoub Alizadeh; elnaz alineghad; zahra ghasemi; Mehri Toutounchian

Volume 12, Issue 1 , February 2022

Abstract

  Although the Islamic Revolution of Iran is at first glance a political and social revolution, but a deeper study of its dimensions shows significant educational aspects that have left ...  Read More Although the Islamic Revolution of Iran is at first glance a political and social revolution, but a deeper study of its dimensions shows significant educational aspects that have left many effects both domestically and internationally. A new aspect that can be mentioned will also play a significant role in reproducing the soft power of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In addition, the draft statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, which is of special importance for the issue of education, clearly shows the continuity of education and the increase of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, the present study deals with the issue of what are the basics of education of the Islamic Revolution in the field of reproduction of soft power with emphasis on the statement of the second step? The answer that can be provided is that the characteristics of dignity and morality, anti-arrogance, independence and self-reliance, the denial of colonialism, political education based on religious democracy as aspects of the foundations of education and training of the Islamic Revolution based on the statement are the second step. They also have the power to produce soft power. The method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical and by collecting materials from the statements of Imam Khomeini (RA), Ayatollah Khamenei, their opinions in different books and reviewing the statement of the second step has been done.

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