Soft power Studies

Opportunities and challenges facing the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan

mohsen shafiee seifabadi

Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2022, , Pages 133-160

Abstract

  The main purpose of this article is to examine the opportunities and challenges facing Iran's soft power after the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, based on the SWOT matrix. ...  Read More The main purpose of this article is to examine the opportunities and challenges facing Iran's soft power after the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, based on the SWOT matrix. In this regard, the question that arises is "What opportunities and challenges does the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran face after the withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan and the re-establishment of the Taliban government in this country ?" The results of the research, which has been obtained by descriptive-analytical method approach and application of SWOT model, show that cases such as: 1- Iran's irreplaceable economic influence in Afghanistan; 2- Enabling the strengthening of trilateral cooperation between Iran, China and Russia and reducing US influence; 4- Instruments of pressure and deterrent power of Liwa Fatemiyoun; And 4. Public dissatisfaction with Biden's performance in Afghanistan and the new state of the media created in Iran's favor have provided opportunities for Iran to exercise soft power and play a leading role in the region. Meanwhile, there are also challenges such as 1. Taliban ethnicity; 2- The possibility of influencing ideas such as ISIS and the Islamic State of Khorasan province in the Taliban; 3- The possibility of the Taliban's coercive approach towards the Shiites; 4. The influence of the governments of Pakistan, Qatar and Turkey in the context of the developments in Afghanistan is one of the obstacles and threats to the influence of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Position and Role of Women in the Soft Power (A Case Study of the Role of Women in the Pillars of Scientific Journals)

Zahra Namvar; Narjes Vara

Volume 12, Issue 1 , February 2022

Abstract

  Scientific productions and publications as one of the tools of science and technology diplomacy in scientific policy-making and its impact on the third layer of science and technology ...  Read More Scientific productions and publications as one of the tools of science and technology diplomacy in scientific policy-making and its impact on the third layer of science and technology diplomacy (soft power) are important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the presence of women in managerial positions in the pillars of publications. The research is descriptive-survey and webometric. The gender of the editor, managing director and members of the editorial board of the prestigious journals of the MSRT was collected, stored and examined through the information contained in the journal's website or their personal page. The results showed that despite the fact that women, like men, are valuable resources of society and all of them play a major role in sustainable development; But only in 10% of the publications, they had the role of editor and in 12% of the publications, they held the position of responsible manager. They also make up a total of 8% of the editorial board. However, more than 90% of the publications published by women editors have international rankings, A and B, and this can show the ability of women in managing and managing publications. Finally, by emphasizing the findings, it can be argued that the current policies in this area seem to be insufficient to address gender inequality and increase women's participation in increasing soft power in terms of science and technology.

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The role of the CIA in the crises in the Middle East after September 11, 2011 (Afghanistan and Iraq crisis and Iran's nuclear crisis)

Habib Allah Safipur; Hossein Karimifard; Hamed Ameri Golestan; Lena Abdolkhani

Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2022, , Pages 161-188

Abstract

  The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and performance of Western intelligence and security agencies in the Middle East crisis after the 9/11 attacks. In this research, library ...  Read More The purpose of this paper is to examine the role and performance of Western intelligence and security agencies in the Middle East crisis after the 9/11 attacks. In this research, library or documentary methods with tools, ie scanning, have been used. The main question in this study is: What role has the Western intelligence community played in the Middle East crises since 9/11? Hypothetically, it seems that after 9/11, the Western intelligence community, through the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), was directly involved in the Middle East crisis. Western intelligence agencies have become a tool for alteration, and have directly led to developments in the Middle East that have led to crises caused by inefficiency and misinformation in practice. Because after the incident, the countries of the Middle East were attacked on the pretext of being terrorists and became a tense and critical field. The US National Security Strategy document was based solely on concerns about the possibility of the development of weapons of mass destruction by some governments, the possibility of transferring these weapons to terrorists, and the inability to effectively contain and deter these threats through prevention.

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Typology and source finding of "soft power" based on content analysis of verses of the Holy Quran

Mohammad Etrat Doost

Volume 11, Issue 4 , February 2022, , Pages 219-242

Abstract

  One of the necessities of Islam in the face of new issues is to ask questions of the Holy Quran, but before that it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate and efficient research ...  Read More One of the necessities of Islam in the face of new issues is to ask questions of the Holy Quran, but before that it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate and efficient research method to discover and identify verses related to that issue. An essential step in intermediate research for change in the field of Islamic sciences is to pay attention to the issue of research methods in the Holy Quran. Among the new theories proposed in the modern age is the issue of "soft power". Although this theory was first proposed by Western thinkers, what is the view of the Holy Qur'an on the subject of soft power? In this article, we have tried to analyze the themes extracted from Quranic verses with interdisciplinary approach and using the method of qualitative content analysis, and to identify the types of soft power and its sources. The research findings show that in the Holy Quran, two types of powers of the right and wrong front are mentioned and in order to gain soft power, four sources of divine sovereignty, divine honor, divine ownership and divine power have been introduced.

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Analysis of Dimensions and Components of Soft Power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Reference Documents

Ali Sadeghi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , February 2022

Abstract

  The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the actors in the international system, in order to organize its activities, interact with other political actors and in general for survival ...  Read More The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the actors in the international system, in order to organize its activities, interact with other political actors and in general for survival and interaction, has to gain a level of power. Now that many of the rules and equations governing domestic and international relations have undergone extensive changes, the achievement to these goals cannot be pursued by relying solely on hard power; Rather, it requires another type of power that can be most effective at the lowest cost. This form of power is the "soft power". Iran, which was formed based on the two principles of religion and popular unity, relying on this power, which is inspired by the basics and principles in the reference documents, while establishing a cultural revolution, it was able to go through the path of internal development and prosperity has increased social and internal resilience, and withing sphere of spiritual influence in the west Asia and the World, it has created a kind of discourse of resistance against the discourses of managing domination and force in the world. The present study has tried to study the components of soft power in reference documents including Islam, Imam Khomeini discourse, ideas of leadership, culture and civilization, constitution and 20-year vision document with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results showed that although in some of these sources, soft power is not directly validated, but in all these, the use of soft power in advancing the goals of the revolution is emphasized.

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Identifying the components of the soft power of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the United States

Mohammad Rajabi

Volume 12, Issue 1 , February 2022, , Pages 259-279

Abstract

  The form and nature of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America during the period since the Islamic Revolution have been controversial in nature, ...  Read More The form and nature of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America during the period since the Islamic Revolution have been controversial in nature, ranging from hard confrontation to soft methods. In other words, in the relations between the two countries, at first, the hardware aspects were important, but with the passage of time and the inefficiency of these tools, the use of software tools has become important. Accordingly, both countries, aware of this equation, have tried to increase and use more of their soft power capacities and have sought to achieve foreign policy goals and maintain their interests through the use of soft power tools. The present study, by asking the question, "On what principles and components has the soft power of Iran's foreign policy been based on the United States of America?" "It has increased its deterrent capability, thereby countering soft US threats." The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical quality and filing has been used to collect materials.

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Anatomy of the Role of Software Power and Media Diplomacy in Providing National Security in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Case Study of the Islamic Awakening

Hadi Ebrahimi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 7-27

Abstract

  ABSTRACTRecent developments called the Islamic awakening that are underway in the Middle East and North Africa due to the importance of the aforementioned areas, all powerful international ...  Read More ABSTRACTRecent developments called the Islamic awakening that are underway in the Middle East and North Africa due to the importance of the aforementioned areas, all powerful international actors and the region try to influence these developments in accordance with their national security and national interests; therefore, J. A. in this regard, as one of the most powerful players in the region with the islamic and فراملی nature of the islamic revolution, iran is seeking to increase its influence in order to achieve its foreign policy goals. The question that the present paper intends to address is J. A. as the most important country affecting the formation of this huge wave, how and through which tool it must set up its foreign policy to increase the maximum interest from the current flows to the benefit of the spread of the national security factor and prevent the islamic awakening from its main path and the confiscation of these people by the superpowers, especially the united states. in this regard, the hypothesis of the present paper focuses on soft power, media diplomacy and desirable use of its prominent indices, one of the most important practical tools of foreign policy in order to achievekey words: islamic awakening, the middle east, national policy of foreign policy, soft power

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Ideational Power as a Conceptual Framework for Understanding Iran’s Soft Power

Saeed Shokoohi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 53-76

Abstract

  This paper argues that the prevalent conceptual framework of soft power, proposed by Joseph Nye, is not capable of fully grasping Iran’s regional influence and popularity among ...  Read More This paper argues that the prevalent conceptual framework of soft power, proposed by Joseph Nye, is not capable of fully grasping Iran’s regional influence and popularity among diverse nations. Maybe the materialistic and secular nature of its components can explain the failure. The current research endeavors to articulate a new conceptual framework to explain Iran’s regional soft power and influence. Based on a pilot study and along some newly conducted researches, the author argues that we should trace the foundations of the new conceptual framework in Iranian-Islamic worldview. To scrutinize the worldview, a theoretical model has been constructed based on Ayatollah Motahari’s thoughts. To conduct the research, directive qualitative content analysis has been employed to analyze worldview of the Leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings of the study demonstrate that ideational and non-material factors are cornerstones of the Iranian-Islamic Worldview which direct us to a new conceptual framework, Ideational Power, to explain Iran’s regional influence and soft power.Keywords: Ideational Power, Iranian- Islamic Worldview, Soft-Power, Islamic Republic of Iran

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Analysis of Iran's public policy against US unilateral sanctions from the perspective of soft power

fatemeh najafzadeh; mashalla heidarpour; mhmd torabi

Volume 11, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 153-176

Abstract

  Since before the Islamic Revolution, Iran was considered a sanctioned country. Therefore, it has always sought to find solutions to counter sanctions. Because the use of hard power ...  Read More Since before the Islamic Revolution, Iran was considered a sanctioned country. Therefore, it has always sought to find solutions to counter sanctions. Because the use of hard power has a high cost, and given that the policy is based on the lowest cost and highest profit, countries are trying to use soft power. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the general policy of Iran in the current situation with regard to the soft power in the face of unilateral US sanctions by using the analytical method, conducting interviews with expert professors and elites in the field of sanctions and policy-making, as well as library resources. Also answer the question, what are the public policy strategies of Iran in the face of unilateral US sanctions, from the perspective of soft power? The research findings indicate that the cultural components and foreign policy of soft power are considered as a way to reduce the effect of sanctions. But in the political, economic, strategic component of soft power, which has been the main focus of sanctions in this area, Iran has harms and has considered strategies to counter sanctions. The country's strategies in the dimension of soft power are based on resistance economy, creative ambiguity model, chaos theory or butterfly effect, contingency model, interaction with sanctioned or neighboring countries

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Explanation of the theoretical foundations of the international semantic system of Islam with a view to the concept of soft power

Ruhollah Pirbalaey; mohammadhosein jamshidi; Mojtaba AbdeKhodei; Mohsen Eslami

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 7-30

Abstract

  The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical foundations of the International Semantic System of Islam (ISSI) considering the concept of "Soft Power". such a system has the ...  Read More The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical foundations of the International Semantic System of Islam (ISSI) considering the concept of "Soft Power". such a system has the capacity to and analyze global phenomena; For example, War, Power in its hard or soft forms. The question of the present study is, what is the position of the Soft Power in the semantic system of Islamic international relations?" The research hypothesis is that "the position of soft power is, in the foundations of attitude, ontological teachings and the epistemological system of Islam, which rely mainly on the elements of Soft Power. By applying Sadr's systematization method and presenting the elements of the Islamic system, it is clear that the concept of soft power is located in four levels:Especially in the foundations of the ISSI and the semantic system has been transferred to other layers as well and the four principles of "methodology", "ontology", "epistemology" and "anthropology" of this system are arranged in such a way that, it has the necessary capacity to deal with different types of power. The research finding emphasizes that in the international semantic system of Islam, the role of Muslims in international dynamics stems from their adherence to spiritual forces and soft power; Although Muslims do not have much hard power in the current situation; But with a belief in Islamic values such as " No compulsion in religion, martyrdom and patience"; They have a good soft power lever to play role in global dynamics.

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Unilaterl economic sanctions in the midst of soft and hard power

hossein hosseinimahjoob; sattar azizi; Mohsen Mohebi

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 31-49

Abstract

  Abstract:economic sanctions are systematic refusal to establish economic relations between a state or a specific group of states to punish or create behavior acceptable to itself or ...  Read More Abstract:economic sanctions are systematic refusal to establish economic relations between a state or a specific group of states to punish or create behavior acceptable to itself or to the international community. Unilateral sanctions are sanctions imposed only by one state and against another. Economic sanctions are used as a tool to put pressure on the target country, and the goal of the sanctions is to achieve their goals without the use of military force, so this policy can be used as a policy in the midst of soft and hard power. This research is a descriptive-analytical research method, the method of collecting library and documentary information and the research tool of the receipt, and the analysis of information has been done as inductive reasoning. The results of this study indicate that some governments seek to achieve their goals by imposing unilateral sanctions by imposing sanctions and not using the military option, which is a clear manifestation of power. Therefore, unilateral sanctions can be mentioned as a policy in the middle of exercising soft and hard power. Unilateral sanctions will only be legitimate if they are met in response to the government's wrongdoing and meet the necessary conditions for countermeasure, including necessity and appropriateness.Key word: Unilateral economic sanctions, countermeasure, soft power, hard power.

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The Soft Impact of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Strengthening Shiite Power in the Iraqi Political Equation (2003-2020)

hamid dorj; Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 81-103

Abstract

  In this article, an attempt is made to pay attention to and explain the effect of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in strengthening the power and influence of the Shiites ...  Read More In this article, an attempt is made to pay attention to and explain the effect of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in strengthening the power and influence of the Shiites in the political structure of Iraq. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam's regime, the Islamic Republic, as an important and influential country in the region, has tried to use its soft power sources to increase its sphere of influence and expand its geopolitical territory in the new Iraq. Meanwhile, by increasing the weight and consolidating the power of the Shiites in the political structure and equations of Iraq, the Islamic Republic, while developing convergence with the new government, has achieved high power and influence in Iraq, especially among the Shiites. Therefore, the main question of the research is what effect has the Islamic Republic of Iran had on strengthening the power of the Shiites in the political equations of Iraq (2020-2003)?The premise of this article is that since the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, the Iraqi political scene has been marked by increasing Shiite power and influence; Therefore, based on the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Republic is trying to strengthen the role and position of the Shiites in the political equations of Iraq, to prevent the factors of power from leaving the hands of the Shiites of this country, and in this regard; To develop Tehran's sphere of influence and acting power in the field of Iraqi politics.

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Soft power peculiarities in Russian cinema; Depiction of the Jewish community in Russian films

javad sharbaf; tahereh solgi

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 149-171

Abstract

  Soft power is an instrument for nation-states to alter public opinion and audience mentality. Nearly all powerful nation-states regard it as a tool to create intended changes in target ...  Read More Soft power is an instrument for nation-states to alter public opinion and audience mentality. Nearly all powerful nation-states regard it as a tool to create intended changes in target societies. Developments in cinema industry and public interest in new media in the Post-War era generated new functions for the industry in the eyes of governments worldwide. As a powerful hypermedia, cinema enjoys extraordinary opportunities to present geographies, ethnicities, nations and policies in artistic ways. Cinematic depiction of various circumstances of a nation can attract attentions, moderate opinions and create new mentalities, sometimes far from reality, in the audience. Cinema exemplifies an instance of the use of soft power, in which continuous use of technological and artistic applications enables mainstream directors to create unreal images of reality, intended by ‘creators of the new world’. Cinema is indeed a good instrument of soft power for depiction of world realities and Russian cinema is no exception. Focusing on the issue of Russian Jews, this article discusses the way they are presented in Russian films. Thematic depiction of the Jewish community in Russian cinema incorporates support for Jewish rights as a suppressed minority in the Russian society. Including old cliché dualities of the 'right and wrong', post-Cold War films, much like the former Soviet cinema, take for granted the Jewish community as 'oppressed and persecuted'.

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The rate of realization of the social justice component of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the development patterns of governments

Amirali Ketabi; mohammad shafieifar; gholamali soleimani

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 201-228

Abstract

  In the initial conceptualization of soft power, components such as culture, political and social values ​​have been expressed. Some components of soft power in Islam are based on ...  Read More In the initial conceptualization of soft power, components such as culture, political and social values ​​have been expressed. Some components of soft power in Islam are based on values ​​such as self-sacrifice and martyrdom, spiritualism, justice and the establishment of justice and struggle. It is based on oppression and corruption, so that while creating a cultural change at the domestic level, it has also affected the process of religious self-belief and Islamic awakening in its surrounding area. The governments after the Islamic Revolution placed great emphasis on the discussion of the implementation of social justice, which is a component of the soft power and Achilles heel of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and each of them has chosen a specific model in order to achieve this important. An important issue is the proportionality and the extent to which social justice is achieved with these patterns of development. In order to examine this issue, the question is to what extent have development models in post-revolutionary governments been successful in achieving social justice? The outcome of social justice in these states is determined by evaluating and comparing development indicators as well as social justice, such as poverty alleviation and deprivation, inflation rate, unemployment rate, economic growth and Gini coefficient. The present study intends to use the analytical-comparative method to examine the extent to which social justice is achieved in development patterns in these states.

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Information technology and the expansion of the governing capacity of modern governments based on persuasion and soft power

nuralah gheisari; saeid amankah

Volume 11, Issue 2 , September 2021, , Pages 229-252

Abstract

  Due to the constant concern of governments to collect and analyze data in the field of governance (internal and external), the unique capabilities of digital technology have expanded ...  Read More Due to the constant concern of governments to collect and analyze data in the field of governance (internal and external), the unique capabilities of digital technology have expanded the capacity of governments to collect and analyze data on an unprecedented scale. Understanding the dimensions of this phenomenon and its positive and negative role in the governance of governments is very important. Governments that have accurate and comprehensive information monitoring, decisions and policies are made very carefully in them. We are also networked with society and consequently empowered by information and communication technologies. We are facing a new one that has made the form of government much different from the past and has doubled the importance of persuasive governance and attention to soft power in government policy .The present article seeks to answer the fundamental question: What effect has information technology had on the development of the capabilities of modern governments to collect and analyze information? In response, the hypothesis has been put forward that information technologies expand the capacities of strong modern governments and also because of the information society on the one hand and the visibility of society for modern governments on the other hand, the rule of strong modern governments It will lead to more use of soft power and persuasion.

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Developing Strategic Capabilities Using Strategic Intelligence Capacity

Amin Hakim; Babak Sohrabi

Volume 11, Issue 1 , July 2021, , Pages 35-71

Abstract

  Today, information is considered as the core and the main tool of power and competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the more efficient concept of information called intelligence has highlighted ...  Read More Today, information is considered as the core and the main tool of power and competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the more efficient concept of information called intelligence has highlighted its importance and placed information. The continuous and rapid changes in the environment of organizations and governments, and the quantity and quality of the resources under their jurisdiction, as well as the interconnect of organizations and countries, give rise to increasing ambiguity in the environment. In this regard, strategic intelligence is designed to help and support them in this direction so increase its soft power.Strategic intelligence can be considered as a systematic and continuous process for generating information and strategic intelligence in order to facilitate decision-making and gaining competitive advantage and benefits as well as deterrence. So, a review of the experience gained by governments’ shows that the approach to supporting strategic decision-making and the enjoyment of soft power is emphasized and it is inextricably linked to national interests and competitive advantage.Therefore, due to the weakness of studies and internal resources and necessity also importance of improving the planning structure, decision making and strategic information, and in order to create a framework for strategic intelligence, this paper proposed. In this regard, through qualitative research methods, it is aimed at providing goals and responding to the development of strategic capabilities and decision-making using the strategic intelligence management capacity, and in the results of this research a fine definition of relevant capabilities and the use of capacity is also provided by the prospects.

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The relationship between good governance and protection of social capital as one of the components of soft power by looking at the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran

h h; hamed karami; m h

Volume 11, Issue 1 , July 2021, , Pages 137-168

Abstract

  Today, social capital is a major part of intangible public wealth, and the protection of public wealth requires good governance (as one of the components of soft power), a form of governance ...  Read More Today, social capital is a major part of intangible public wealth, and the protection of public wealth requires good governance (as one of the components of soft power), a form of governance largely by the institution. International and developed countries have entered the literature of sustainable development and it has been interpreted as the proper management of a country's resources in a flexible, transparent, responsive, fair and responsive way to the needs of its citizens, which can, while protecting Social capital will increase the level of soft power. Therefore, according to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is library. The article raises the question: What is the relationship between good governance (as a component of soft power) and public wealth? In other words, how can good governance affect social capital? In response, it can be assumed that: "The relationship between good governance and social capital is an interactive and two-way relationship in which good governance can create conditions in which social capital flourishes and social capital flourishes. It paves the way for good governance and increases soft power. ”The result is that social capital has positive effects on the dimensions of good governance, including transparency, oversight, balance, democracy and solidarity, and good governance also increases and The level of social capital will rise.

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Health Diplomacy as Soft Power: Lessons from Brazil and Cuba for Iran

ali bagheri dolatabadi

Volume 11, Issue 1 , July 2021, , Pages 225-260

Abstract

  One of the sates concerns to increase their soft power, especially during the coronavirus outbreak in the world, has been the issue of health diplomacy. Although this concept is not ...  Read More One of the sates concerns to increase their soft power, especially during the coronavirus outbreak in the world, has been the issue of health diplomacy. Although this concept is not new, it has not had a prominent place in the foreign policy of countries such as Iran. The main question of the study is what experiences have Cuba and Brazil as two successful and world-famous examples in the field of health diplomacy, and how can Iran use these experiences to increase its soft power in the world? The research hypothesis emphasizes that in these countries, health has spilled over from the issue of domestic policy to foreign policy. Relying on ideological and economic interests, Cuba used it to serve its soft power, and Brazil directly to pursue the political dimension (building reputation and gain prestige). The method used in this paper is a comparative-analytical method and soft power theory has been used to analyze the collected data. Findings show that Brazil's successful experiences in cooperation with the World Health Organization in the fight against AIDS and the development of international conventions can be repeated by Iran in the field of drug trafficking and its effects. Iran, like Brazil, can provide financial assistance to countries through the WHO, thereby boosting its international reputation. Also, Cuba's success in educating students from other countries in the fields of medicine, selling drugs and medical equipment, providing health services to applicant countries, participating in global vaccination programs, etc., may be repeated by Iran.

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Strategies for increasing the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in dealing with the enemy's scientific warfare

Amirali Ketabi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 35-64

Abstract

  The approach followed by think tanks and research institutions in today's world is the use of power and soft war in dealing with the target country. An approach that considers military ...  Read More The approach followed by think tanks and research institutions in today's world is the use of power and soft war in dealing with the target country. An approach that considers military action as a big mistake and believes that by relying on power and soft war, issues can be resolved in the best way, in the desired direction. One of the strategic aspects of this war is "scientific war" which has the ability to prevent the progress and excellence of the target country. The present article tries to examine the strategies of the scientific power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in dealing with the soft scientific war of the enemies from the perspective of the leader of the Islamic Revolution. It aims to answer this question by using library-documentary studies and analytical-descriptive method; What are the strategies to control and increase the scientific soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The main hypothesis is based on the fact that the enemies of the Islamic Revolution, in order to destroy the growing power and progress of Iran, put scientific warfare at the top of their actions and use all scientific methods and tools, and the Islamic Republic needs planned measures to increase its soft power. It is jihadist and based on scientific and technological capacity building.

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Manifestation of soft power in the prayers of Sahifa Sajjadieh

Hossein hadidi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 179-207

Abstract

  One of the dimensions and areas of research on soft power is research on this fact from the perspective of the prayers of Sahifa Sajjadieh. The time of Imam Sajjad (AS) is one of the ...  Read More One of the dimensions and areas of research on soft power is research on this fact from the perspective of the prayers of Sahifa Sajjadieh. The time of Imam Sajjad (AS) is one of the most difficult and glorious periods after the advent of Islam. They lived in a time when the oppressive rule of the Umayyads ruled over the entire Islamic society and promoted the customs of ignorance by force. Imam Sajjad (AS) chose an effective soft weapon called "prayer" to deal with soft threats and soft war with enemies. The main purpose of this study is to answer the important question of what was the soft power of Imam Sajjad (AS) in the prayers of Sahifa Sajjadieh and what methods did he use in this regard? In the present article, a descriptive-analytical method has been tried to study and analyze the principles and methods that Imam Sajjad (AS) has paid attention to and used in soft power. The findings of the research indicate that Imam Sajjad (AS) in the form of a soft weapon, ie "prayer", according to the principles and areas of the Islamic approach to soft power, have refined, promoted and strengthened the epistemological pillars of Islam. Also, by carefully reading the prayers of Sahifa Sajjadieh, we will realize that Imam Sajjad (AS) considers the soft power in this valuable book to be effective in giving insight and informing people about issues and issues, in guiding society and human growth. 

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Afghan migrants and development capacities; Synergy of soft power between Iran and Afghanistan

mohammadreza sharaf; habib ollah fazeli

Volume 10, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 211-244

Abstract

  Migration has always been one of the main ways for a human to adapt to his problems. Afghan immigrants have formatted the largest immigrant population in Iran. The presence of Afghan ...  Read More Migration has always been one of the main ways for a human to adapt to his problems. Afghan immigrants have formatted the largest immigrant population in Iran. The presence of Afghan immigrants, in addition to the problems, has also created opportunities for the country. This study seeks to examine the various economic, cultural, social, and political capacities of the presence of Afghan immigrants in Iran in synergy of soft power between Iran and Afghanistan with a descriptive and analytical perspective in the form of a library method of various online and offline sources. The results of the present study show that the presence of Afghan migrants and workers, is effective in the prosperity of production and economic development of both countries, expands trade relations with Afghanistan and attracts capital, plays a role in transmitting cultural values and increasing cultural relations between the two countries. As a result, it promotes synergy of Iran and Afghanistan’s soft power and enables the two countries to support each other in the international arena.

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The soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Afghanistan (2001-2020)

seyed mohammadreza mousavi; somaye ghanbari

Volume 10, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 277-308

Abstract

  In order to achieve the lofty goals of science and knowledge, it is necessary to carry out research in different sectors in order to provide solutions to improve the condition of human ...  Read More In order to achieve the lofty goals of science and knowledge, it is necessary to carry out research in different sectors in order to provide solutions to improve the condition of human society by using scientific and research methods. This research was compiled with the aim of investigating the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Afghanistan between 2001-2020. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and using tools; Libraries, scientific journals, authoritative scientific sites, theses, authoritative scientific articles. The concept of soft power is one of the relatively modern concepts at the level of international relations, which clearly emerged at the scientific level in the nineties of the last century to emphasize the importance of non-military means in achieving foreign policy goals. Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1357, the issue of Afghanistan has been one of the important issues and matters of its foreign policy. Afghanistan, as a country that has gone through a wave of political and social events in recent years and instability, restlessness and tension have been an inseparable part of the daily life of its people, has a special status among the countries of the world. As a neighbor of both language and culture, this country has seen many political forms in the past decades. Despite all this, the position and importance of this country in Iran's foreign policy has not been the same, but it has undergone changes due to the internal, regional and international developments of Afghanistan. In this article, an attempt is made to discuss soft power in general and Iran's soft power in Afghanistan in a specific way, and to answer the question of how the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Afghanistan during the years 2001-2020. Has it affected? Finally, we will study and examine the perspective of the future prospects of Iran-Afghanistan relations.

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The Role of Basij-Asatid in Training Political Elites and its Impact on Iran's Soft ‎Power ‎(a Case Study on Basij Professors of Shiraz Universities)‎

Mohammad Karimian; Ghafar Zarei

Volume 10, Issue 22 , September 2020, , Pages 1-40

Abstract

  The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Basij-Asatid (Teachers Basij) on the generation of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran through training of political ...  Read More The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Basij-Asatid (Teachers Basij) on the generation of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran through training of political elite. The main question of the article is "What are the possible methods for the soft power of the Islamic Republic to be enhanced by Basij-Asatid and through training of political elites?" For this purpose, a survey approach has been used. The statistical population of the study consists of all faculty members of Shiraz universities. The sample size includes 375 professors selected through proportional sampling method based on the number and gender of professors. Data collecting tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98. The data are analyzed using SPSS software at two levels: At the first level using descriptive statistics methods (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and in the second level using inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking test). The findings say that the average role of Basij-Asatid in increasing the soft power of Iran by training of political elites is 5.44 and higher than the low intensity limit for this factor (4), which confirms the decisive role of Basij-Asatid in increasing Iran's soft power. The results also show that the factor of "enhancing student Wilayat (Velâyat Paziri)" with an average of 4.7, is the most important and "increasing the student scientific abilities", with an average of 2.73, is the least important.

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National identity as soft power; Islamism, Western Modernity and the Formulation of Iranian Foreign Policy (2003-2005)

saeed chehrazad

Volume 10, Issue 22 , September 2020, , Pages 41-75

Abstract

  Objective: The present paper seeks to answer the important question of how national identity and its mechanism of action can be considered as soft power and how Islam and Western modernity ...  Read More Objective: The present paper seeks to answer the important question of how national identity and its mechanism of action can be considered as soft power and how Islam and Western modernity as two wings of national identity in the development of Iran's foreign policy. Involved in the period under review?Method: In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library-based information, while explaining "national identity and soft power", this concept is used in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2005-. 1392 to study and explore.Finding: The national identity that Islam and Western modernity are examined here as two of its three wings is the center and central signpost of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of soft power.Conclusion: Islam and Islamism in the form of the teachings of Islam in the constitution and Western modernity as another have created a platform that the foreign policy game can be processed, codified and developed in the conflict of these two concepts.

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Corona's pandemic, soft power and Evolution in the agenda of world politics

Ebrahim Aghamohammadi

Volume 10, Issue 22 , September 2020, , Pages 147-180

Abstract

  The emergence of the Corona pandemic in early 2020 has become a major concern for national and international concerns and activities, which makes it unavoidable to be aware of global ...  Read More The emergence of the Corona pandemic in early 2020 has become a major concern for national and international concerns and activities, which makes it unavoidable to be aware of global causes and effects and to respond appropriately to this emerging international phenomenon. What has been posed so far as the challenges of world politics have been hard issues such as nuclear proliferation and soft issues such as the environment, but never has a disease, which has spread all over the world, been included in global politics. The question that arises is: Can the Corona Pandemic be on the agenda of world politics and be considered as one of the soft issues of world politics? In response, it can be assumed that: Although the Corona pandemic has severely affected the world community, it is not yet eligible to be on the agenda of global politics, and this depends on the extent to which the international system has had significant influence, continuity and diplomatic responses. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility or impossibility of designing a corona pandemic as a global policy agenda and assessing the situation after it. First, by presenting the theoretical framework, how to determine the issues of the world policy agenda, then the Corona pandemic is evaluated as a soft international issue and the possibility of change in the global policy agenda, according to the recent developments.

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