نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از عرصه های مورد توجه دولت ها برای افزایش قدرت نرم خود بویژه در دوران شیوع کرونا در جهان، بحث دیپلماسی سلامت بوده است. سوال اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که کشورهای کوبا و برزیل به عنوان دو نمونه موفق و شناخته شده در حوزه دیپلماسی سلامت در سطح جهان، چه تجربیاتی داشته اند و ایران چگونه می تواند از این تجربیات برای افزایش قدرت نرم خود در سطح جهانی استفاده نماید؟ فرضیه پژوهش تاکید دارد که در این کشورها بهداشت از موضوعی مربوط به سیاست داخلی خارج و به بعد سیاست خارجی تسرّی پیدا کرده است. کوبا با تکیه بر منافع ایدئولوژیک و اقتصادی آن را در خدمت قدرت نرم خود قرار داد و برزیل مستقیما از همان ابتدا به دنبال بعد سیاسی(شهرت سازی و کسب پرستیز) حرکت کرد. روش مورد استفاده در مقاله روش مقایسه ای-تحلیلی است و از نظریه قدرت نرم برای تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده استفاده شده است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد تجربیات موفق برزیل در همکاری با سازمان بهداشت جهانی در امر مبارزه با ایدز و نیز تدوین کنوانسیون های بین المللی می تواند از سوی ایران نیز در بحث قاچاق مواد مخدر و آثار مصرف آن تکرار گردد. همچنین ایران می تواند همانند برزیل کمک های مالی خود در زمینه های بهداشتی را از کانال سازمان بهداشت جهانی به دست کشورهای مقصد رسانده و از این طریق بر شهرت بین­المللی اش بیفزاید. همچنین موفقیت های کوبا در امر آموزش دانشجویان دیگر کشورها در رشته های پزشکی، صادارت دارو و تجهیزات پزشکی، ارائه خدمات بهداشتی به کشورهای نیازمند، مشارکت در برنامه های واکسیناسیون جهانی و...امکان تکرار شدن از سوی ایران را دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Health Diplomacy as Soft Power: Lessons from Brazil and Cuba for Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • ali bagheri dolatabadi

department of political science at yasouj univesity

چکیده [English]

One of the sates concerns to increase their soft power, especially during the coronavirus outbreak in the world, has been the issue of health diplomacy. Although this concept is not new, it has not had a prominent place in the foreign policy of countries such as Iran. The main question of the study is what experiences have Cuba and Brazil as two successful and world-famous examples in the field of health diplomacy, and how can Iran use these experiences to increase its soft power in the world? The research hypothesis emphasizes that in these countries, health has spilled over from the issue of domestic policy to foreign policy. Relying on ideological and economic interests, Cuba used it to serve its soft power, and Brazil directly to pursue the political dimension (building reputation and gain prestige). The method used in this paper is a comparative-analytical method and soft power theory has been used to analyze the collected data. Findings show that Brazil's successful experiences in cooperation with the World Health Organization in the fight against AIDS and the development of international conventions can be repeated by Iran in the field of drug trafficking and its effects. Iran, like Brazil, can provide financial assistance to countries through the WHO, thereby boosting its international reputation. Also, Cuba's success in educating students from other countries in the fields of medicine, selling drugs and medical equipment, providing health services to applicant countries, participating in global vaccination programs, etc., may be repeated by Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soft Power
  • Health Diplomacy
  • Brazil
  • Cuba
  • Foreign Policy
  • Covid-19
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